Both sides of the bronze mirror decoration design are acyclic with the decorative grid

Yong on behalf of Elsie's economic prosperity, the aesthetic will taste of real life is more intense, murals, sculpture, poetry and other art forms in this period, show this characteristic. Increase in so-called "life prospects" in the mural, and some religious subjects. Often independent stance has nothing to do with religion, the image of the sculpture also have a more human touch and intimacy. Statues become more benignant care for this world, no longer out of reach of the gods, but under the jurisdiction of the things can be to request authority to dominate. The bronze culture of the Shang and Zhou is a bright and marvelous pearl.  The poetry of this period, especially prose, the poetry of romanticism, realism abandoned the form of repeated over-elaborate. More directly. More specific way to reproduce the reality of life. o the social characteristics are reflected in the production of bronze mirrors, and the connotation of its ornamentation image naturally from the changes.
 Auspicious is no longer a worship of the fetish people bowed shy, lonely, cold, majestic world. But has lovely frolic interesting, in shape and flower leather organic together into a Mercedes-Benz in a secular society .... As shown in Figure 2-019, Inlay Goldsmith pleasures pattern bronze mirror decoration. Flexible composition, life scenes depicting the flowing lines of expression, rich flavor of life blowing. Figure 2-020 shows the prince of the Tang Dynasty Joe Chuixiao cited goggles. Depicted in the mirror -! The the nU Taoist story of 'historical records recorded in Prince Joe Zhou king Ling Chi eldest son, preferences field drains Sheng style of Ming, who was the wind to dance. People often travel in Iraqi water, the Lo area, after a Taoist priest {I to alpine Chenghe away. Both sides of the bronze mirror decoration design are acyclic with the decorative grid at the compositional freedom of a balanced, although a full, an ethereal, but also natural and smooth, the traces of life is obvious. The bronzeis not only the treasure of Chinese art, but also a precious heritage of the world culture.
Head 2-019 m cough inlaid with mother ± race music garbage actinide the basking Long 2-020 Don if Joe field drains Xiao Tang goggles by before and after stories of people mirror, mirror bird of birds around the squid mirror for decoration bronze mirror design mainstream content is close to real life. Among them, the myths and legends in the figures to put things in the mirror, the form of God. Cited tube underage good, 'heir actinide mirror history, in February '2008' slips, 2l, 78. 59 Shandong University, a master's degree thesis as no longer as mysterious and majestic like the Han Dynasty mirror. Patriarchal clan system hidden in the sacrificial bronze has granted China unique and peerless charm.  Not so much the performance of the Chennai worship God. As it is the desire Wichita reality 7 BU live in the myths and legends. More historical stories reflect the book live philosophy, living affirmation of reality cattle and yearning for better cattle live music mirror.
Boya playing the mirror and so on foot so; polo mirror, the hunting mirror more directly based on the rich taste of life real-world activities, and reveal the aesthetic orientation of the Tang Dynasty in real life: religious symbols mirror although religious symbol content. But it is also one aspect of social life, when the religious symbols are no longer awesome, but painted cattle living increase the blessing of the state of mind of Chi Sau. In addition, a striking feature of the Tang Dynasty bronze mirror is not the Han Dynasty mirror seeking official Chi Sau like the message of inheritance under Jian. Inscription band disappeared. What’s more, a variety of powerful countries were coveting these valuablebronze.  The message reads no longer appear. This probably reflects the satisfaction of cattle live in the Tang Dynasty and a very cold on the thinking of official position.

The Western Han Dynasty bronze mirror has also been put to use

The Government into the split state, successive years of war seriously affected the social development of production, leading to the southern and northern economic development imbalances, making this period the production of bronze mirrors, including the shape, decoration, and the casting process not only changes over the times, showing the phase characteristics, but also very clear showing north-south regional differences, this period of the bronze mirror design can be divided into the following three periods. To the Warring States Period, the bronze had made a great advancement. Three Kingdoms Jin Dynasty period, due to production and production techniques, the continuity of style and use of the continuity of this period is actually from the late Han Dynasty starting. Late Han Dynasty war, the north-cast mirror center of Luoyang, central yet party workers Officer and around the cast mirror workshop was severely damaged.
 The Wei Caozheng the right to establish and Qianduluoyang, although the reconstruction is still party workers Officer Kevin Mirror has been restored, but the Birds bronze mirror just followed since the Eastern Han Dynasty bronze mirror type, there is no innovation, such as simplifying the rules mirror, the first animal mirror Kui Fung mirror, the Dulong mirror, Bird mirror, dual-Kui mirror and so on, the only new evolved from a two-Kui mirror guides the bit to Sangong a mirror 1. This period of the Yangtze River in the late Han Dynasty of war to maintain a relatively stable situation, Wu cast mirror industry has been unprecedented progress and reached a relative peak level, and Sanin Hueiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang ) and Wuchang (now Hubei Ezhou City), two mirror centers. But Suozhu bronze mirror type is still popular since the Eastern Han Dynasty bronze mirror type-based. The production of bronze wielded founding, welding, lost wax and the craft of mix-inlaying gold.
 There is no large change in specific shapes and ornamentation. Slightly innovative four-leaf eight goggles types of eight wind Buddha beast mirror and radial draw lines with the Buddha animal mirror. 'The second period is the Eastern Jin Dynasty Sixteen Kingdoms and Southern and Northern Dynasties early, the Central Plains region of the Eight Princes since, already caught in a fragmented state, the years of war, handicraft industry received a serious impact and even destroy, bronze mirrors. The shapes of the bronze tend to be thin and smart while the patterns meticulous and elaborate.  The foundry industry almost a halt. The south-cast Mirror also signs of a recession, reflected in the types of bronze mirror changes the animal in the mirror is generally animal mirror and radial restated greatly reduced animal mirror, segmented animal mirror to the restated would be completely extinct in the Jin Dynasty, only the semi-circular side pieces of animal mirror more the number in the popular, but the casting of the bronze mirror of poor quality, the decoration is simple and rough.
This period portrait mirror class. Cited in the tube-dimensional good: 'Chinese bronze mirror History', in February 2006 the first edition of, 137. The State cited pipe dimension good: 'Chinese bronze mirror history), the first edition in February 2006, 138. Journal of Shandong University like change, no longer in the ornamentation on the traveling man of God, dragon and other patterns of life-like, but only a simple two God serve two animals, the production of rough, poor copper. The Kui goggles is also very rare, the original pattern is complicated and ornate four leaves eight phoenix mirror also simplifies the monotonous picture of four-leaf named his mirror. Although due to popularity of the iron causing less and less bronze tools, still there are plentiful bronze produced. The third period is the Northern and Southern Dynasties late northern region have been unified, but cast the mirror industry did not recover, because there is no workshop for the production of bronze mirrors, and society can only be in use since the Eastern Han, the old mirror, even the Western Han Dynasty bronze mirror has also been put to use.

Bronze mirror engraved in common

Germany, such as lamb - the culture of the bronze four sheep parties respect for Hunan unearthed in the Shang and Zhou bronzes, to sheep in the shape of objects, not only in larger quantities, but production is almost perfect, the most prominent of which is the famous bronze Yang Fang Zun. Bronze four sheep side statue is considered one of the most outstanding works of Chinese bronze casting in the history of. That artifacts are considered to be the pinnacle of the traditional clay method of casting of the level reached by this masterpiece of incredible, once mistakenly thought to take a new casting process. In another word, bronze was the fruit of that era.  The sheep become the objects of bronze heavy focus on the performance of its unique symbolism. Started heavenly
First of all, the status of sheep in the Fiesta after the cattle, where the Shang Dynasty capital in Anyang, Henan Xiaotun found a large number of burial pits, most cattle, sheep, dogs, a king during the one about suppliers royal ritual of Wuding material refers to "Pu 100 dogs, 100 sheep," "15 sheep", "50 sheep" mentioned in a separate material, seen sheep as the amount of sacrificial. Yang personality to become a favorite object. Some taotie on the bronze is even connected with the bird designs with two obvious bird heads. The Qin Dynasty, people on the sheep's personality has two induction: good Jirye; inside, soft on the outside. Sheep the kneeling milk "habits, good polite, even was later interpreted as a model of your parents; soft on the outside to the inside come out of the many divine natures, ancestor of the legend of the Gaoyao King Yang.
 The Book of Songs Zhao South "," King Wen Chih-cheng, inexpensive, and Germany, such as lamb "saying in ancient China a horned monster haitai related with the sheep, you can see the guilt or innocence, we can distinguish between the merits of. The bronze of the Shang and Zhou acted as the sacrificial wares for the rulers to worship the gods and wine vessels to enjoy luxuriously.  Therefore, the future generations to Unicorn Law and Justice. The sheep are the most popular or folk symbolism is "good luck" at least from the Han Dynasty, Yang and good luck with the Han Dynasty tiles, bronze mirror engraved in common, "Yi Hou Wang Taiji Yang (Cheung)" auspicious sometimes written as "Ram" direct, sheep and Cheung not only the word false, but the sheep have been given all these natures dictates. Sheep is an animal with horns.
Angle is that many people, especially primitive peoples worship things, God created by human beings with horns, such as the ancient Chinese god of war Chi known as the horned god and the ancestors. The bronze gave the priority to the taotie motif.  Qiang word in Oracle, the glyph is wearing horns of the original peoples of the world learning see the horns, horn, antler accessories, its meaning: the first wearing angle, wearing animal skins is the temptation of the beast in order to hunt ; clan festival, to participate in the dance wearing the double angle or angular mask;, class divisions, tribal sheikhs, dignitaries was wearing a claw, said that the meaning of power and honor the shaman ceremony God the practice of wearing a claw cap; clan worship the God angle.
Sheep at Oracle, about forty kinds of shape, shaped the most obvious common feature is to highlight the dual angle. The ancients had a saying, "water of the fine jade, the soil of the essence for the sheep" Yang is the object of focus on the performance of a variety of art forms. Neolithic there are pottery sheep, Yin Ruins in Anyang Shang tomb of Fu Hao, Shanxi Quwo late North Zhao Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn early Marquis of Jin Mrs. tomb unearthed jade sheep, the Eastern Han Dynasty in the sheep first pot of one hundred play auspicious portrait of stone, the Eastern Jin Dynasty porcelain . Qing Dynasty like crafts, Italy Apartments "Yang (Yang) Kaitai" composed of three sheep. Among the rich and colorful patterns on the bronze of China, especially taotie motif became the mainstream of that period.

It is really a rare chinese bronze and worth collecting

Tianmen Que Que-volt two leopard Que within Emperor two steel hand over on the ride the top right of the kingdom of heaven red sun of Japan-China gold black, under the hibiscus tree branches and leaves eight small form the sun, or that there is a sun hidden in the foliage between the kingdom of heaven the upper left for the new , month containing the toad, the rabbit under hand care Chang entropy. day, the month under two relatively soaring dragon. the middle of the painting world picture, its upper part is a gorgeous car canopy , cover class stand two Phoenix under the hood with wings as zoomorphic. The bronze is known as Crane & Tortoise, modeling off in a crane.  Carduus the main body of the middle picture of two reverse, two giant cross body twine interwoven dragon two dragon first the middle of the lower part of a holding the stick put on hold old woman, followed by three maid.
 There are two kneeling welcome wearing the Benten waiter cite the case of the old woman such as the established order, the opposite of pairs of leopard, the leopard has two dancers dressed in the plumage of the complex Tao (or immortal, is immortal), and two women hanging under a giant chime, chime under a Zhenxiu prepared food case, the case of the left and right, respectively, three kneel to pray, and left standing and the person likely to hit the chime of music in two layers at the intersection of food containers in one fell swoop Satisfy the case of the frog-shaped network gills of Lux, the case was placed on the tripod, Dun and install wine syrup pot. Regarding to the love, this bronze signifies evergreen and long-living love.
 Lux feet were riding at the intersection two whales, Lux crotch through a Hydra. wrestlers on both sides of the back for two standing owl (or turtle that dove). two whale tail, respectively, stood two long-horned monster blame the sheep on this monster tomb coffin painted with the shape, the latter or Peter earth, this issue also be seminars, temporary name of Hades monster is more appropriate piece of painting on silk function and performance, the current academic very unified community views are considered to lead the soul to ascend to heaven and the soul to heaven the scene of the late Mr. Sun Zuoyun said, its official name should be called "painted banner" or "cited soul banner. This bronze also express a wish of good luck and long life.
Mr. Zhimin think it 29 Hubei Institute of Fine Arts Master dissertation "belongs to a class of things flags painted banner." Mr. Ma Yong, compared it to find the generic term of the Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty: Ming-jing "(jing). According to the Book of Rites? Tan Gong Zheng Xuan Note, Ming Jing for the banner of the gods, that is, sustenance and attached carrying the banner flag of the soul. the Mingjing also known as the "coffin" Han? Xue publicity, "said Xue declared order book Lian Li Wang bier", which was its soul " Thus, the dynasty to lead the soul to heaven banner and show to heaven scene when no doubt, according to the research of Mr. Ma Yong, Mingjing first picture, after the text, the text of a single book Mingjing gradually replaced the picture Mingjing and Figure text and with Mingjing. This bronze has perfect style, nice design, wonderful workmanship.
 Accordingly, he Mawangdui Han Tomb dynasty 1 "is the remnants of the original Mingjing" We fully agree with this view. the dynasty to retain the "original the Mingjing of residual factors a considerable part is inherited from the Chu culture. "Songs of the South? Lament" Wang Shu (Imperial) pioneer Come - Pa Lian make Ben the case of the phoenix bird I first quit Xi Lei teacher report I to with. "I make Emperor steel switch Come, lean on the gate of heaven castrated and look to the" 100 God shade alternate, Come, Jiuyi Bean and welcome. "I drive dragon Come miscellaneous Yao like thought car. the Fenghuang wing Chengqi Xi Heaven . It is really a rare chinese bronze and worth collecting.

Drums and chinese bronze both geographical so far apart

The discovery and preliminary study of the Marquis Yi of bronze bells sensation the world, and foreign musicians as "the eighth wonder of the ancient world. The discovery involves bronze casting in Wu and Yue, two states in ancient China. The seven wonders of the world today recognized: the Colosseum, Italy, Alexandria, Egypt, tombs, the Great Wall of China, the United Kingdom Adams Yi Hatch circular stone building, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy, Nanjing, China glass tower, Istanbul, Turkey, St. Sofia Mosque. Foreign scholars to the Marquis Yi of bronze bells called the eighth wonder of the world, bronze bells, have significant value in the study of the history of Chinese and Western music, acoustic history of science, as well as bronze casting history. Therefore, we can say with certainty: bronze chime bells of Marquis Yi of China's greatest instruments.
Chongqing Normal University (Social Science Edition) 2003 4 Drums and bronze bells social functions of the National Archaeology Ling far (Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047) Wa society, collectors Tonggu It is rich in order to exaggerated claims of wealth and an important means of improving the social status of the utility function of the bronze drums have actually insignificant. A meeting of “Studies onbronze Casting Technology in Wu and Yue Regions” was held by the Administrative Committee of Cultural and Historical Relics in Shanghai. If you ask how much wealth in the Wa people, they do not say how much money, but rather enumerate a few head of cattle, guns and several bronze drum. The Tonggu frequently used for the Wa people is not things, but wealthy Wa people still hesitate to re-price purchase.
 Bought collection at home, and their cherished things - Ngau Tau rob cattle left, over the years in hunting the beast head headhunter head bags, and so on, regarded as the treasure. Out these things to boast of his wealth, courage and good luck. Bronze bells and Tonggu are a symbol of wealth, the Spring and Autumn Period countries members of the royal family to be happy with bronze bells of the symbol of royal power and wealth as an important funerary objects. Of course, the Tonggu have a symbol of power and wealth, the village headman is far less than the monarch of a country have the bronze bells. This conference about Chinese bronze was organized by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. Not only that, in the custody of the way, entertainment, bronze and bronze bells, there are some significant differences.
The southwest region retained a primitive custody of bronze drums, that is, the villagers, regardless of rich or poor, farmers each year and rotate custody. For example, the Village officer Zhai Xiang cloth red stockade, Tonggu is kept in the poorest of the Zhaizhong of a people, the head of the household called the Tao Zhifeng, he was violation of the family planning policy, at home, life was difficult. Zhaizhong people aware of this situation and still let him custody of bronze drum (in his custody ewe drums, in the Village Tao state custody is a public drum). The burial of the Spring and Autumn Period bronze bells are used to explain the rotation of the custody matter can not exist, but only for the royal family, princes all. The diamond patterns on the surface of the bronze aroused great interests of archaeologists.
 This reflects the degree of stratification of the vassal state of the Spring and Autumn Period than these cottage. Bronze bells and Tonggu entertainment features also differ, bronze bells need to have the musicians to play and appreciate the nobility or guests. Tonggu of entertainment is almost universal in the festival, anyone can tap it (though some places prohibit women percussion Tonggu), everyone can revel in the bronze drum beat sound. When China began to collect bronze? This also reflects the social stratification of the vassal state of the Spring and Autumn Period is high compared to some of the cottage southwest. Can be seen by the above analysis, Drums and chinese bronze both geographical so far apart, but yet so similar to its social function, which proved once again that ethnographic material for research ancient history and study of ancient artifacts of great help.

This product is a modern imitation of chinese bronze

The formation of Shandong glue County SanLiHe Longshan culture have unearthed two Bronze cone. Obviously, these bronze objects is not that the hands of people in prehistoric bronze smelting technology, but the use of copper-zinc Ore inadvertently get the zinc content of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, bronze is very low, generally in the 10-z-order of magnitude. Jue, a piece of bronze, is like a cup to warm or drink wine produced in the reign of the Emperor Mu.  Western Han Dynasty, the new board individual copper and zinc Gan money the shikimic the money, which some coins in zinc content of 7%, but this does not explain the occasion of the bronze money but produced in the Western Han Dynasty Xinmang because these copper-zinc alloy is an isolated phenomenon its zinc content was generally compared with a bronze in the true sense of the zinc content of 15% to 40% is much smaller, so we believe that the zinc coins of the Han dynasty in the mountain mint coins use copper-zinc Ore .
 According to the investigation of the mine and found Changwei, Yantai, Linyi and Hubei, Shandong has a resource-rich copper-zinc Ore, which make the smelting of copper containing a small portion of zinc to the Tang Dynasty Birds line, due to the standardization of money but material, so that the content of zinc in the coins are constant. This bronze has a wide spout, long tail, deep belly and round base setting on three knife-like feet. The difference between bronze and bronze? Phosphor bronze: copper alloy containing 2% to 8% tin, 0.1% and 0.4% phosphorus, I copper. Mainly used as wear parts and elastic components. Bronze: Bronze is an alloy composed of copper and zinc. If only composed of copper, zinc, bronze is called the ordinary bronze. By more than two kinds of elements composed of a variety of alloy known as special bronze. Such as lead, tin, manganese, nickel, lead, iron, silicon, copper alloy.
Bronze have a strong wear resistance. Bronze, copper, bronze, copper-nickel alloy, What's the difference? Copper constitute the alloy to pure copper matrix by adding one or several other elements. Pure copper was purple, also known as purple copper. Besides, the bronze is covered with the pattern of phoenix with drooping crest. Pure copper density 8.96, melting point 1083 ℃, with excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, ductility and corrosion resistance. Mainly used for the production of generators, bus, cable, switch gear, transformers and other electrical equipment and heat exchangers, pipes, solar heating devices, flat-plate collector such as thermal conductivity equipment. Copper alloys are divided into three categories of bronze, bronze, copper-nickel alloy. Bronze and zinc add an element of the copper alloy, with a beautiful yellow, collectively referred to as bronze.
Cu, Zn binary alloy that ordinary bronze or simple bronze. Three yuan more than the bronze that special bronze or complex bronze. Less than 36% of zinc bronze alloy by solid solution, with good cold working properties, such as zinc 30% of the bronze is commonly used to make casings, commonly known as the casings of bronze or 73 bronze. Bronze alloy of zinc between 36 to 42% by solid solution, of which the most commonly used is zinc 40% of the Tiananmen bronze. In order to improve the performance of ordinary bronze, often add other elements such as aluminum, nickel, manganese, tin, silicon, lead. Aluminum can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of the bronze, but the plasticity decreases, suitable for ocean-going vessel condenser and other corrosion-resistant parts. This product is a modern imitation of chinese bronze.

The gorilla in the chinese bronze

After a while, or until the animal awake, lead to the side of the bronze mirror, if it knows that the animal is in the bronze mirror, it will be very concerned about - that is, stare, or a hand to pull on his forehead red dot. If it is not self-consciousness, it will ignore the red dot. This method can also be popularly known as the mirror red dot experiments. In humans, a year and a half before the baby will ignore the red dot on the forehead, little interest in their child in the mirror, do not think it is. bronze tiger on our store shows diverse styles and ways of craftsmanship. Only directed at the bronze mirror to clap his hands, mouth and spit spit bubbles, and there is no difference to quiet the monkeys. This stage babies also is ignorant of most animals, has not yet formed a self-consciousness. Year and a half to two years of age, children begin to recognize that that is the image in the mirror.
My daughter a year and a half, always went before the bronze mirror with a beautiful scarf wrapped on his head on the mirror and stare. At that time she learned to walk, self-appreciation, to dress himself. Coated with a red dot to when the kids forehead, bronze mirror, they will be facing a hand to touch the red dot on the forehead, curious to get it knocked off. Gorilla on the results of this experiment is what? 1970, researchers at the State University of New York, Gallup four chimpanzees stay in front of the bronze mirror, at the beginning, the chimpanzees, the mirror image of the other chimpanzees. The bronze bronze was unique national treasure for China in ancient times. Three days later, the chimpanzees began dressing in the mirror, indicating that they are aware of the chimpanzees in the mirror may be. Ten days after anesthesia, the red dyed in the forehead and ear tips. Be chimpanzees sober, record the number of times they touch the red dot facing the bronze mirror. A result, the number of chimpanzees touch the red point.
Visible, chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys, they know where the bronze mirror their own. Other researchers in other types of apes - bonobos and orangutans, and even gorillas also found a similar phenomenon. Under normal circumstances, the non-human primates - in addition to our nonhuman primates such as gorillas, monkeys, etc. - very disgusted eyes, as they will both eyes on the visual as a threat to their own. , Gorillas most afraid of eyes on, they will make every effort to avoid another gorilla to see the bronze mirror. For this reason, the gorilla in the mirror self-recognition experiments are often very successful. The earliest bronze in China was found in 3000 B.C.  In 2007, Spanish scientists are still tirelessly to do this experiment, a gorilla called Xebo adapt to a period of time in front of the bronze mirror, then mirror the red dot experiments. Results, Xebo looked at the bronze mirror, a red dot on his forehead, and went away.
But it is hiding in the bronze mirror, hand pull a red dot, until the red removed, then it is back to before the bronze mirror, check again the head if there are red dots. The Chinese bronze stands out for their inscriptions which are regarded as major chapters in the Chinese history. The researchers believe that Xebo understand bronze mirror in their own, although it did with the bronze mirror to the removal of the red dot - that the reason may be because of fear in the eye, In other words, a strict sense, it did not pass the mirror self-recognition experiment, but there are indications that it can understand is the gorilla in the chinese bronze. I have to hold the group of macaques Jinjin came to the side of the bronze mirror, it looked in the mirror. The Jinjin does not seem to know what I mean it is very indifferent, self-serving bow and left later, as if to see the monkey in the mirror.

Chinese bronze a decline during Yuan and Ming Dynasties

Take some time to create, if not available "80] to force a strict limit, Bu Wei is difficult to do set into the device [will suffer ugly if the less wide of Bu Wei Gong Yi leisure margin, [natural production of fine 81]. Northern Song early, so made, bronze weapons and more sophisticated, not only in the period of the reign of Emperor King Taejo Taizong, Shenzong, and toward the outside, that is, in these relatively good quality of bronze weapons during the reign of Emperor, but also inevitably inferior bronze weapons issues, such as the Genpo first year of the December Shenzong to what workshop crossbow "take the bow three sample test results is" Bitter Man for All Seasons. Chinese bronze has long been considered a treasure from ancient China.
 So, what makes the Song Dynasty bronze weapons manufacturing quality such an important reason for this is "Yu Gong Yi leisure such as" bow limit of one year from, and later, with the growing of the troops or fight needs, bronze weapons demand more and more, in order to meet the military weapons and equipment required, the court often urged the workshop to speed up the build, given the artificial deadline is getting shorter, such as the Northern Song Dynasty, Jin Wai Kaifeng, in the southeastern region to a loyalist army, due to the lack of bronze weapons, "Shuaichen Wengyan Guo, making Yangzhou to make home-made God the bow arm to limit the January [82 percent]. We have acquired a few beautifully made museum quality reproductions of bronze for your selection.
 Huzhou for homes in the Southern Song Dynasty, was first Japanese-made armored a "," 83 "quasi-province Sapporo, Japanese-made armored two, and to a period of two years. some of the poor do? given the long officials of the workshop supervisor shall be versed noted bronze weapons artificial expert However, actual implementation of the often court the request falls far short. With the growing political corruption 11 competent officials who are not fluent bronze weapons pretentious or negligence. This bronze is a food container with inscription which later evolved into Chinese language. Court regulation lost, the court selected monitoring long officials more and more a mere formality, and monitoring long post is more for the potential to be dominated by the Renzong Bao Yuan Dynasty (1038 ).
 Pang Ji said: build A by Chen Wen in Beijing in recent years, not more than Optional monitoring long the official rate of all potential to whom the Gojong Shaoxing Dynasty, civil and military officials reflect the military prison officer "multi- Guiqi potential children whom these people are entering into improper means to factors who do not understand Xiaojun kind of system, only, according to with craftsmen artificial, [there have been as good as France who, Yi Mo kept in the dark. even if some of them understand a little bronze weapons workshop in order to complete the official regulations of the artificial task, or "first hope Rewards "Gouqiu speed, with little regard to artificial quality, it is made, of the "neither available. Chinese bronze makes wonderful gift and unique home decorative pieces. Arsenal pretentious, but often neglect their duties, can not fulfill their duties, something workshops crossbows for the supervision of the official seat extension of tours such as Shenzong.
But listen to Carpenter Zhezhi Suo is not bow introspective vision, the ministry Kuang relaxation, I do not know the resulting creatures crossbow "Bitter Man for All Seasons, far.70 for hospital prevalent lack of material, before the lift the Renzong towards the Hebei states were for hospital. Qinzong" Humiliation states were for the hospital (also) the multi-material [the material is not prepared to. Arsenal materials, the Northern Song Dynasty mainly manifested in a variety of rubber band horn, feathers, shaft and so on. to the Southern Song Dynasty, not only for more than several materials further exacerbated the shortage, and because of the loss of the origin of many of Severstal, the metal material in short supply. chinese bronze a decline during Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Therefore, the Southern Song Dynasty Army material shortage is more serious than the Northern Song Dynasty due to lack of materials, workshops, often Arsenal materials weak and barely 88 full-bear.

The chinese bronze, zu found in Dayangzhou can be divided into zu with long ride

National policy changes are also reflected in the above the role of bronze sword and change, but bronze sword ritual role in the development of technology and productivity gradually the value of its use of weapons overwhelmed by the role of the bronze sword has undergone a major change from the late Spring and Autumn Warring States at the end, that is changed by a small number of aristocratic wear bronze sword became the majority of step cavalry weapons in the hands of this stage of our military history of the occurrence time of great change, with over a thousand years-old and cars war gradually replaced Buji battle. The bronze had become a supply center of the raw materials of bronze in the Shang Dynasty. Play a decisive role in this change, long-term war of the slave uprising, the uprising of slaves and civilians, both can not be highly specialized car combat training, they can not have what kind of car warfare equipment to deal with the spears of the enemy.
They used their own hands, ax, adze, sickle, Ge, halberd on foot to deal with the chariots of the enemy. In this case, the ruling class had to change their methods of warfare and military establishment, "Hing only soldiers to attack the". BC 541 Jin Weishu in time of the chariots into combat infantry destroyed the car thought line  Wu Chubai held in the BC 505 years war, Miss choose" Lee toe by 3000 people thought before the array . The raw materials of the bronze of Dayangzhou did come from the ancient copper mine of Tongling, Ruichang, Jiangxi province. "profit toe" that run fast in the 478 BC Battle of Wu and Yue Li Ze, "Yue is carved his teacher thought about the military, with its private soldier gentleman for a total of 6,000 Army" shows the newspaper not only the two wings of the infantry, even Gou's Guards from $ 6,000 infantry composed of the above historical facts fully show that the occasion of the Spring and Autumn.
 The infantry has been significant investment to fight the military prepared to change, the emergence of new branches of the inevitable requirement for the transformation of military equipment. old spears, halberds, Ge, is no longer step cavalry hand to hand melee combat, while the bronze sword is a step cavalry hands of the most handy weapon bronze sword they wear bronze sword into bronze weapons. The abundant crude materials allowed the ancestors of Dayangzhou to produce all kinds of exquisite bronze weapons. Historic change has been confirmed by a large number of archaeological materials. First of all, the number of bronze sword unearthed around the tombs of this period is greatly increased over the prior period, such as 172 bronze the Jiangling rain Taishan Chu 5 Zhejiang Art Vocational College Thesis tomb unearthed sword, from as much as 171 in the late Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States period tomb, and over 90% is in small and medium-sized tomb of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty tomb in Luoyang.
 Central Plains Road 26 bronze sword, 22 from the Warring States period tomb in The, of which only 6 from the tomb of buried copper ritual, and I are from the small tomb of pottery. Changsha Chu unearthed 22 bronze sword, all from the tombs of the Warring States period in, while the vast majority of the bronze sword from the small and medium-sized tomb, which late Spring and Autumn before bronze sword and more from the tomb, and a small number of stands in stark contrast from the location point of view of the Chu Tomb unearthed bronze sword in Gangneung, Spring and Autumn in the late Warring States period, small and medium-sized tomb of bronze swords in general and bronze weapons, life Appliances buried together, rather than worn on the deceased side. bronze swords, such as the Star View of the Tomb of the 32 all out in the west side of box specifically set bronze weapons. The chinese bronze, zu found in Dayangzhou can be divided into zu with long ride and wide wings, Nao decorated with chameleon-shaped animals and turtles.

Can see from the packaging design of the three elements

Three-dimensional knowledge? Theory and Its Applications? Functional concept? Green packaging ? factors for the formation of new concept? development trend? books? books of the same name "packaging design"? Packaging design professional? While quite a few bronze are rare both in shapes and decorations. classical flow to expand the editor success factors in this paragraph to edit this paragraph, the success factors for successful package design must meet the following six points: shelf impression can read appearance design trademark impression features explicitly mentioned practice selling point and selling point in Figure culture edit this paragraph constitute elements of editing in this paragraph constitute the elements of packaging design refers to the appropriate choice of packaging materials, the use of clever technology means capacity for packaged goods packaging design The device structure modeling and packaging, decorative landscaping design.
 Can see from the packaging design of the three elements. Shape elements of the shape factor is the packaging of goods to show the shape of the surface, including the size, dimensions and shape of the display surface. Everyday life we see the shape of three kinds, the natural form, man-made form and sporadic forms. But in the form of research products constitute, we must find the kinds in the form of any nature, that is out to the common regularities, known as abstract forms. We know that form constitute the shape factor, or as form elements, a certain way, the rules constitute the ever-changing form. Shape by point, line, surface and volume of these types of elements of composition. The bronze is the essential content of the Chinese traditional culture. The form of packaging: cylinder class, cuboid, cone classes and a variety of physical and physical combination of different cutting constitute the various forms.
 Of packages of the novelty of consumer visual guide plays a very important the role of peculiar visual form to give consumers impressed. Packaging designers must be familiar with the characteristics and expressions of the form factor itself, and as the formal beauty of the performance of the material. When we consider the shape of packaging design elements, but also from the perspective of the law of formal beauty to get to know it. The casting of bronze requires a great deal of raw materials. In accordance with the law of formal beauty of the packaging design to combine the functional characteristics of the product itself, a variety of factors to organic, natural to combine in order to achieve the image of the perfect unity of design. Packaging and shape elements of the law of formal beauty from the following eight aspects to be considered: symmetrical and balanced law of England Design.
Bridge packaging design, stability and lightweight rule contrast and harmony rule repetition and echo the laws of rhythm and cadence rule compared with the association rules of proportion and scale rule unification and The composition of the composition elements of the change in law is the trademark of the display surface of the packaging of goods, graphics, text, and combinations arranged together a complete picture. Yet so far no copper mining of the chinese bronze has been found in Suizhou. A combination of these four areas constitute the overall effect of the packaging and decoration. Product design composition elements of trademarks, graphics, text and color use correct, appropriate, beautiful, can be called good design works. A. The logo design trademark is a symbol, the symbol of the image of enterprises, institutions, goods and facilities. A trademark is a one off with arts and crafts, which involves political, economic, rule of law and the arts and other fields.

A large number of chinese bronze were made

You willing to spend up to how much money in this small grocery store to buy a glass of beer? Then they near the small grocery store in this questionnaire into a "near a Resort, the average price is $ 2.65. The same on the beach drinking a glass of cold beer bought from the hotels and the same beer bought from the grocery store is no difference, not only will not buy in the hotel and enjoy the elegant and comfortable hotel environment, it will not because grocery store simple for any loss, but why buy from the hotel, people are willing to pay a higher price? Take a look at this bronze with such a pattern.  In general, there will always be very tolerant towards the high prices of goods in the hotel, under your own actual value of the same situation in the commodity, willing, for the price paid more. In other words, if the end of your friends buy you back the beer, and tell you 2 dollars bought from the hotel.
You will be very happy, because you not only enjoy a delicious beer, but also buy the bargain, the province than the psychological level of $ .65, get a lot of transaction utility. But if your friend says is bought from the grocery store, you will feel spent $ 2 is a disadvantage, although the drink a beer, his heart was not very happy, because your transaction utility is negative. Adhere to in the end victory? With the local economic and political development, the bronze at that period were made in different style. The sinking of the cost of misunderstanding the units issued to employees concert tickets per person a position in the front row middle value of 300 yuan. However, bad weather, suddenly a blizzard the day of a concert, this sudden snow lead to all public transport is suspended, but the concert is as usual. If you go, only braved the cold wind of half an hour to concert halls. You will not listen to this concert?
If this ticket is not a unit of the hair, but yourself queue up to spend 300 dollars to buy the? You will not go to a concert? The first bell of the case, many people are reluctant to go out concert tickets to waste even think about their losses, "not"; but in the second case, people feel very reluctant to, preferring to braving the cold wind and inaccessible, we must adhere to the concert. On this issue, I think you can find out there is mental accounts in trouble. So starting from the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the patterns ofbronzehad changed.  The units sent down vote "windfall" do not have money, so that waste will not be too distressed. But their hard line up the money to buy votes and pay a small fortune in the "cost". Mental accounts have already explained why people make different decisions to buy a ticket and invoice with the unit both cases. To be analyzed in this chapter is: why do we spend money to buy a ticket, there is greater impetus to the concert.
This phenomenon is known as behavioral decision theory, the sunk cost fallacy (Sunk Cost Fallacy): people in deciding whether to pursue a matter of when, not only to look at this thing that they have no benefit, but also look at the past is not above in this matter have been invested. We have taken place in irrecoverable expenditure, such as time, money, energy, known as sunk costs (Sunk Cost). Also, with the interrupted development of commodity economy, a large number of chinese bronze were made. Sunk costs is not from a rational perspective, should not affect our decision-making. Decide whether to go to a concert, should stand in the present point of view to judge a concert to bring their own utility is sufficient to make up from now on to listen to a concert to pay for the cost, for example, to endure the storm. When doing cost-benefit analysis, if a person is an absolute change, sunk costs should not be taken into account, they can not turn in the past, should be allowed in the past, the decision-making should be ignored.

Many collectors overseas would like to store up the chinese bronze

Into the melee, the Romans will rely on their dagger. This dagger is the product of imitation dagger from Spain. It is short, but the ridge is very thick, so the weight is not light. Roman dagger to cut and stab with a high degree of tactical flexibility, have been described in the Levi's "History of Rome, the Roman Army stabbed the scene of the Macedonian Army, Spanish soldiers with a sword body chopped into pieces, the arm chop, shoulder, limbs or head and body separated from the body, neck stabbed bloody viscera exposed. The domestic collectors lack of knowledge of bronze of ancient China. This is indeed a horrible scene. Rome infighting, the mass hidden dagger or hatchet man, often to their enemies, "to tear to pieces," or even "not a meat remaining". Existing murals, depicting the Roman army dagger Germanic captives beheaded the screen - usually, this task is completed by a heavy ax! In short, the dagger for the infantry, is indeed a very powerful weapons.
 However, for the cavalry, the dagger killing distance is limited, NA weapons. Therefore, the Roman cavalry to imitate the Celtic sword. In fact, Chinese bronze from the date of its birth, has established itself a symbol of royal properties. We must note: Only the bravest and most trained soldiers can really skillful use spears and dagger combination of tactics. Lost the protection of the spear, soldiers cast spears, can only rely on the dagger kills if the enemy is to use the spear, and then facing the spear wall assault is a great test (the saying goes " inch long, inch, largely because of the psychological advantage of the long bronze weapons); while brandishing the dagger, apparently feeling is not as sword then rest assured, and, left hand holding a heavy shield, right hand holding the dagger, sword The law must Lianshu in order to overwhelm the enemy; but the Roman army does have this quality, a very long time, they are citizens, the state is their Marius military reforms, making the occupation of the Roman army, fighting the power one step further.
Mere imitation of the equipment and tactics of the Romans left the civic system, they can not achieve the power of the Roman legions in the Roman east Mediterranean expansion, in some countries, such as Mitt Lada ladder this Kingdom, who imitated Rome The military system, it is still defeated. To the feudal era, China's Song and the Ming army, using spears, shields and broadsword combination of arms, but the two dynasties as people in the military really can not compliment. When it comes to the progress of the Roman weapons, say to the progress of the metallurgical industry in Europe at that time. In today’s national collection of hot, China will gradually realize the value of bronze. Italy the popularity of the Iron after the former sixth century, the Italian iron and bronze weapons beyond the popular stage, and into the improvement stage. Roman iron bronze weapons forging industry inherit metallurgical technology, and later developed a Roman smoked furnace iron.
Spanish dagger into, with the excellent performance of the Spaniards the ritonavir flat steel. In the north, the famous Kyle steel, but this steel manufactured bronze weapons often meet with the Romans on the battlefield! Here, had the envy of Western convenience in transportation and civilization-intensive, making all kinds of fruits of civilization can quickly exchange and contributed greatly to the progress of civilization. Many collectors overseas would like to store up the chinese bronze. Roman heavy infantry array is really perfect, so that curb the development of other branches of the military, so the Roman archers, lightly armed soldiers, cavalry and so is almost not worth mentioning, really need these arms of Rome, often from outside the levy issued in the national levy issued to the troops morale, the more highlights the value of the heavy infantry, so we see.

The chinese bronze as the representative of the most advanced technology

Since become the military's power hit the main cavalry, accompanied by a change of tactics and equipment innovations, fast cavalry charge, the force of the one-handed sword is of course still piercing the enemy, be hit, but the momentum also large enough can be voted out of the cavalry into the difficulties of being beaten, immediate short soldiers apparently special emphasis on its cutting performance, coupled with robust iron has also been very mature, swords, then gradually replaced as long knife , and in the late Han Dynasty completely withdraw from the battlefield, but its symbolic significance has never faded in the minds of Chinese people's color, and even a combination of the mystery of Taoism, was covered with a layer of occult thick veil. As for other types of China bronze, a craftsman would grasp accurately the ration of tin and copper to make good quality vessels depending on the hardness of the casting.
The sword of this period often loaded with jade as a thousand years later, the sword has been rotten, Yu Jian ornaments already its fine texture and ornamentation human treasure has become an indispensable items in the jade; In addition, fencing has been valued, regardless of the nobility, martial arts cavalier still like swordsmanship, sword, we can say: sword on the battlefield, the decline it has always been to maintain the status of the king, but in the civil. Inscriptions can be thought as the greatest feature of Chinese bronze. This development in the Western Han Dynasty recruits straight body and a single blade, the sword into oblate circular, commonly known as the "ring chestnut" there is no obvious sword grid, handle wood chips folder beam, and then tightly tied rope , due to longer than chopped and quickly replace the sword, but also due to a surge in demand throughout the country.
 The Han Dynasty set up a Rail Officer, responsible for managing iron production, and smelting also has made significant progress, the Eastern Han Dynasty used chain steel and local quenching technology to make it more tough and sharp, with a little Han Dynasty by the Quartet, East and west Western, said Wal-Mart spread far and wide, this shape has also been extended to use the Southern and Northern Dynasties. On account of the special ruling forms of old-aged China, the bronze is confined to the upper class. Japan overall receiver on the first ring of iron knife, and proceeded to imitation, a very far-reaching impact on the later development of the Japanese sword, and still retain a lot of kind is to certify that. Southern and Northern Dynasties, there have been dual of Fuer type of wear-line, changing the way with a knife.
 This approach has been adopted so far; also developed a new type of knife, the blade is slightly curved, the tip sharp after oblique, more suitable for hacking, its shape and future generations of knife type have been very close. Shi Tang Dynasty, the development of a new type of knife, the knife first acyclic iron shank wrapped wooden clip stems, wrapped around outside the wire rope, knife wrapped metal ornaments, knife handle and sheath are gold Journal of jade inlay, wrapped in shark leather, very ornate, Japan called "Tang-like sword, since the House position is still the same type handed down for reference, after careful imitation of the Japanese as the basis for the development of later samurai knife. The chinese bronze as the representative of the most advanced technology of metal smelting and casting, is mainly used in the ceremonies, rites and wars.

Around competition for the chinese bronze dagger

Hainan Island of figurative bronze sculpture to the development of a pulse - from super-realism works to the absurd can be bronze sculpture "(" Yunnan Art College, January 2007) the development of Western art of carving bear, figurative art until the pop art of the sixties and seventies of the 20th century, to the super the context of realism which focuses on analysis of a representative figure of the super-realism John? and Duane? During the period of the occupied by Japanese troops, due to Shi Youshu’s obsession for the bronze dagger. Hansen's artistic characteristics. the development of sculpture in the 1980s and 1990s, so? absurd g regain the way of super-realism to the performance of their own art and popular culture as opposed to the one in the context of figurative bronze sculpture history never reached the realm of means can not be copied into the entire article or around contemporary bronze sculpture art development context, there is no focus on the let? Muck bronze sculptures.
Second, data from the foreign point of view, most of the data from a variety of arts organizations website? Muck works Comments: New York University Institute of Fine Arts Modern Europe Professor of Art - Robert Rosenblum this portfolio works catalog-based, simple so? Muck's life experience and work style as well as production process, and thus this book only as a basic reference dialogue of the article "giant" steps - with dragons? Mick (RonMueck,), 2 copper bronze sculpture Shanghai University, a master's degree thesis Sarah? Don From January 2004, "World Art" (translated by Zhou Bo "bronze sculpture" magazine, in 2003 the first 7-8 in period). text to Sarah? Don and Jean? the Mucke dialogue the nature of the allow about? the Muck production work process, mainly to let? This bronze once again showed up and a matter of contention of all parties.
Mucke's work, "giant" as an example to tell the story of the production of motive, production methods and materials. the nature of this dialogue so that we can allow more realistic and accurate understanding of the? Muck produced works of real ideas, but let? Mucke only about his work, which on the one hand, there is no macroscopic analysis of the content of the work. research method, case study method choose to have? Muck's bronze sculptures vertical comb research object, the object of study, at the same time comparison, analysis, and its style is similar to the representative works of bronze sculpture home, trying this case study in a more thorough second, comparative law to use the comparison method of allowing? This event draws open the prelude to the safeguarding battle of bronze dagger.  Mu grams of bronze sculptures and other super-realist practices bronze sculpture works at different points, now finished production art, and contemporary bronze sculpture home works compared to a profound analysis of Jean?
 Muke Qing bronze work originality. classification scale tensile? a typical feature of the Muck works, through the scale of their works are divided into "shrinking world" and "expanding world" for Jean - Muck flexibility in the use of the scale changes to explain the 'interpretation of different emotional changes, three copper bronze let in the first chapter? Around competition for the chinese bronze dagger, the bloody war began. Muck of art history and manifestations so? Muck is a leading contemporary sculpture of the pedaled home, as the United Kingdom specifically to artists but to enjoy a high international reputation in the past decade the world of ancient, whose works, many art institutions and private income less, and circumference in England, tied attached.

Spring and Autumn Annals and others have records about the chinese bronze

Riedel is committed to crystal wine bronze glass production, the production of handmade and mechanism of crystal and glass of different series of bronze glass and decanter bottle. The figure is hand-cut crystal Sommelier series Bordeaux Grand Cru, Burgundy Grand Cru, Chianti, Vintage Champagne and mechanisms of crystal Vinum series Burgundy first bronze glass. Riedel's bronze glass, fine workmanship, of course, the price is cheap, can be called the Rolls-Royce bronze glass. They made a very in-depth study for bronze glass, each design a bronze glass sample cups are made of different shapes and sizes, looking for a lot of professional tasters to taste with different bronze glass of wine for a class, the final selection the best a. The bronze of Shang and Zhou dynasties have been far away from today.
 Sommelier and the Vinum two series of crystal bronze glass types are more than 30 kinds. But as a personal purchase and can not be confused for this surface professional phenomenon, not necessarily each shape must be bought used. Select Year champagne for sparkling wine is the best for still wine, you can choose Chianti type, this bronze glass shape of the standard stationary wine, medium size, can be used for still wines. Fortified wines, you can use the Vintage the Port bronze glass, bronze glass can be used in the ordinary still wine. Plus the historical changes, the date of the bronze is difficult to find out. Bronze glass of the Spiegelau brand in Germany the price is very fair shape, there are many to choose from, but work is relatively rough, or very suitable for home use. The above three were Champagne, Chianti, and Burgundy bronze glass.
Scott Zwiesel bronze glass work fine (personal feeling than the Spiegelau fine a lot), Cup leg is very long, look beautiful and elegant, just as much shape as good as Riedel and Spiegelau. Recommended or preferred Chianti bronze wine, Bordeaux wine cup-shaped bronze body too long, Scott, do sometimes affect the divergence of the flavor. The bronze of that era left over turns out to be very little. According to the wine cup shape. The different grape varieties determine the relationship between fruit, acidity, tannin and alcohol. Therefore, we mainly designed cup grape varieties. At design time is not related to the formula, we experiment with different cup final to find a suitable. Following a brief introduction to several different bronze glass design.
   The high tannin, medium acidity, the wine design. To guide the wine to the middle of the tongue, making fruity, tannic acid three balanced. Direct cut cup wine flow more smoothly imports. For high-acid, medium tannin wine design, to guide the wine to the tip of the tongue, can highlight the fruity and balanced wine with high acidity. Direct cut cup wine flow more smoothly imports. Sleek cup can constrain the speed of wine flow of imports, and strengthening of acidity and a rough texture. Only the classics like the Book of History, Book of Songs, Spring and Autumn Annals and others have records about the chinese bronze. Designed to increase the pleasure of the aroma, rich and complex taste for champagne. Heavy bodied white wine of medium acidity design and guide the wine in the middle of the tongue used to balance the elements.

Bronze procedures objectively play the finished protective effect

Dust suppression measures when mixing Mixer front of bronze-site and transport vehicle cleaning at the sedimentation tank. The discharge of wastewater discharged into the sedimentation tanks before being discharged into the pipeline or recycling of municipal wastewater for sprinkler dust suppression, untreated mud water, after the second precipitation discharged into the urban drainage facilities is strictly prohibited. The bronze is still present in reddish blue with the coldness in the air. The attractions of this project, a wide range of King To ensure that the duration, there must be many processes inserted in advance, and pre-bronze and other bronzes unit cross-operating. Project in the bronze process, some sub-part project may be completed ahead of schedule. The following process has bronze finished without attention to, or do not take proper measures to protect, it will cause damage or destruction of both the finished product. impact on project quality.
This will not only increase the workload of repair, waste quantity, delaying the construction period; more serious, some damage is difficult to revert to the same to become a permanent defect. To this end, the Company will draw up the following product protection work: First, to educate all employees to establish a concept of quality, the state, responsible to the people, consciously caring for public property, respect for others and their own labor, bronze operation treasure has been completed and partially completed finished. wo of bronze are 80 cm long. I think this is more appropriate. Reasonable arrangements Bronze order, by the bronze process bronze, from reasonable bronze procedures objectively play the finished protective effect is one of the effective way for product protection.
Far after nearly running water order decoration works in principle, help to protect the quality of the decoration works. Do first distant ground, to do closer to the ground, in bronze on the ground ready, need to be protected on the ground. The bronze is shaped in oblique width and thick. The finished product for protection. Bronze according to past experience, more effective product protection measures: the measures of protection, package, cover, closure and four. Care is to protect the advance, in order to prevent the finished product damage and contamination may occur, the main measures are: easy collision of parts and protective bars and other protective measures; into the source pad all brick or square timber, take the scaffold boards.
The package is wrapped, to prevent the finished product damage or contamination. Strengthening the supervision and inspection of the finished product protection. Bronzes of the project, you must pay full attention to the finished product protection. The reason is very simple, even if the product produced is of excellent products, superior product, and protect the poor, suffering injury or pollution, it also will become defective, waste, rejects. In the handle of the bronze have two round hoops. Therefore, product protection, in addition to reasonable arrangements for the bronze order and to take effective measures, the measures, but also the need to strengthen supervision and inspection of the finished product protection. This work will be project manager assistant manager or bronze technology is responsible for direct management of the designated responsible for the production. Assign someone to care in the finished products before delivery of the construction unit, the project manager.
Return visit in the project during the warranty period of at least three times, the first time usually within six months after the hand over, after every six months, a return visit time. Engineering a return visit or repair, this project a return visit by the production department in charge of maintenance records, and to arrange a return visit planned to determine the return visit date based on the engineering situation. The bronze is wrapped with silk and easy to grip. This project will be the general manager of my unit and its licensors led unit workers, technical team leader to participate. In the return visit, the owners of any quality defects and opinions, we will listen with an open mind, be taken seriously, while also making a return visit record, who does not belong to the bronze statue quality issues, but also patiently explained and solutions dedicated to the owners.

The inside is covered with rows of bronze

The bronze horse (ie copper "Pegasus") in Luoyang, had to personally travel to Xi'an welcome to take even hesitate to marry a royal clan woman, or to make the army campaign before seeking have Ferghana horse, called "Pegasus" this as "Song of the west pole Pegasus, one of the ritual of emperor worship of heaven, to praise the merits of the emperor of the Han family. Therefore, regardless of the "Pegasus" refers to a real horse or a bronze horse, just a symbol of royal dignity, subjects can not enjoy, Wuwei East Han Tomb advocate surname general, how can an exception? There were bronze with T-shaped feet.  Therefore, it was also proposed with copper horse figurines "Ma God - day Si. "Si" is the fourth star of the seven places of the stars of heaven, two 18 Oriental black dragon, "room", that is, "Si, also known as" Matsu God ".
 Qin and Han dynasties before people Chong "Si" for "horse of God", since the Shang and Zhou, ultimately, to war horse, and thus gave rise to the worship and the worship of Matsu God. The Wuwei Han Tomb master surnamed Zhang, General during his lifetime Shuaiji frontiers, dedicated to the horse God, after the death of the sacrificial victims copper horse God, is a very natural thing. Explained, the official position of the owner of the tomb and occupational characteristics are reasonable, Sima line empty "Si" are still made to Zuta swallows "Si" and the symbol of which the spatial location. The bottom of the bronze protruded out. Compared to two works, of course, bronze horned dragon has its own characteristics - the mighty spirit. It is a symbol of tourism in it should be said that the above comments have some reasonable, but also to a certain extent explain the pass, but so far has not a generally accepted conclusion, however, Regardless of which name, with copper horse figurines will eventually be the peak of the ancient works of art, I believe that this is no objection.
In 1969, the Wuwei fresh commune members in southern Lei Taiwan excavation readiness authentic, an unexpected event occurs. A few picks down, just listen to the roar, there is a black hole in the brick wall. When people climb up the inside only to find that the tomb of a green-brick structure. The flat bottom of the bronze was rather seldom seen. The inside is covered with rows of bronze, copper bars, copper horse, next to Block coffin bed, which was placed two bones frame, and a few pieces of pottery in the bones of the foot of stacked. No protective measures and participation in any archaeologists, the tomb is thus opened. When the "Cultural Revolution" period, do not attach importance to the heritage, the tomb has been severely damaged. An old well in the right wall of the burial corridor.
Furui kept very complete, especially its unique "herringbone" brickwork way in China's archaeological discoveries which still rare. Furui is used to do it? All this may seem today are unable to unlock the mystery. Burial by more than the tomb, just before the main tomb, the latter three, the front room left and right ear chamber composition, are symmetric. The bronze (wine vessel) was appeared with large mouth and broad shoulder in the early times.  Those the early Daodong on at the top of the left wall of the tomb room and post room. Was found the tomb of the farmers' memories and introduces, arranged in neat rows of bronze chariots warrior ceremonial figurines and Copper Horse Chan on the right ear of the room before the burial room. Room buried in the tomb, beautifully designed, almost all the chinese bronze articles are stored here. Tao floor hospital room furnishings of the room right ear and most of the pottery items.

Chemical etching and bronze metal chinese bronze wood is reached

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's material and cultural living standards and aesthetic point of view is constantly changing, the scope of application of the bronze eagle products is also expanding. A huge number, the variety, the widest range of timber products in natural bronze, shaped bronze timber products in a major category. Processing skills requirements and the difficulty is much higher than other types of bronze wood products, it is the perfect combination of artistic creation of thinking and embody. Into the batch processing of bronze sculpture there are over a hundred species of both to be installed lifting equipment in whole or in modular giant sculpture pieces can be placed in the palms, floating on the water, hanging on the neck or worn on the wrist. It is the earliest bronze of the Western Zhou Dynasty that has the exact textual research on the exact time.
 How to enjoy the goods and decorations. For many types of bronze sculpture, there is no uniform national standards, it is difficult of precise classification. According to the development of recent years, combined with the traditional habit, and bronze sculpture products can be classified according to the following four methods. Another example is the bronze that is 101.9 cm high, and 153.5 kg weight.  Watch, wear identification and collection of bronze sculpture of bronze craft jewelry. Such as jade ornaments, ornamental bronze and display pieces. Such relatively small size bronze sculpture products. Two bronze Cave and Cliff bronze sculpture. Bronze, such as Dunhuang Cave the Yungang bronze Cave, Longmen bronze Cave and so on.
The cemetery bronze sculpture. Such as the tomb of bronze, bronze coffin, burial offerings. palaces, mansions and gardens bronze sculpture. Such as Beijing's Forbidden City, Summer Palace, Chengde, Hebei Chengde Resort are equipped with the very classical bronze sculpture products. Temples, shrines, Jing Zhuang altar bronze sculpture. There are inscriptions of 291 words carved on the wall of the bronze. Such as Beijing Yong Palace, Shandong Confucius Temple in the bronze columns, bronze bar and shrines bronze sculpture products. Bronze bridge bronze sculpture. Hebei characters of arch bridge bronze eagle, Beijing Marco Polo Bridge on the bronze lion. Bronze Que and arch bronze sculpture. Such as the Confucius Temple Bronze Monument Square, bronze sculpture.
The tower building bronze sculpture. Such as the various bronze tower monument books bronze sculpture. If the various monuments, mausoleum tombstone. Figures and animal bronze sculpture. Such as the famous statue, statues, bronze lions. Life craft supplies bronze sculpture. Such as tables, chairs, stools, coffee table, lamps, ink That bronze was unearthed in Li village, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. stone and so on. Modern urban gardens and the Jinian Qing bronze sculpture. Such as large urban sculpture garden sculpture and monumental sculptures. Second, according to the different points of the carved pieces of body; three-dimensional bronze sculpture. Including three-dimensional portrait, animal statue, fireplace, carved stigma.
Flat bronze sculpture. Including relief, picture frames, picture frames, engraved pane, lettering plaque, bronze depicts, shadow carving and line engraving. Third, according to the processing tools used in different sub hand-carvings. That is, with the carving of the products of the chisel, hammer, solder, and other hand tools. The inscriptions on this bronze narrated King of Zhou Kang’s appointment to the nobility Yu in the 23rd year. Semi-mechanized processing sculpture. Part of the hand, some mechanized processing of bronze sculpture. Sandblasting engraving machine engraving. Sandblasting engraving machine is to use air machines (pneumatic 5-6kg / sq m) and emery Spray products engraving at the sculpture. chemical corrosion sculpture. Namely the use of a chemical reaction between chemical etching and bronze metal chinese bronze wood is reached. Convex sculpture (relief) and intaglio two.

In theory, these two explanations of the bronze are both feasible

the Qin Hanqing bronze sculpture flourished of the dividing line roughly between the Qin and Western Han Dynasty, the author has always insisted on the view that the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han bronze sculpture flourished and Legalist emphasis on innovative thinking is closely related to a similar style to the Western Han Dynasty and Qin Dynasty era, the so-called . Slips of Qin "is by no means refers only to the regime, more importantly, continues with" Domination of Confucianism before the Qin Dynasty Legalist legacy Tsung Shang Wude spirit, emphasizing the Raiders, then bronze sculptures strong to write the great era of China Qin Hanqing Endeavour bronze flourished reason masculine and martial spirit of the Chinese man bones forever flowing: confident, bold, magnificent. This bronze can be called “Hou Mu Wu”, too.
The rise of Confucianism, in the ideological field began to advocate the moral realm, emphasis on governance, the style of the bronze sculptures gradually toward a small, refined, and fresh, and Confucianism advocated "benevolence," the concept of is consistent. As a middle age inevitably become sophisticated, sleek and even pedantic, like youth, youth, publicity, high-spirited but could be difficult to reproduce. Terracotta Warriors self-reproduce, it shocked the world the magnificent mighty momentum and a high degree of realism artistic skills of its great size, great space and monomer endlessly repeated, is unprecedented and even non-repeatable innovation because it was born in an era of change and innovation, but its extraordinary realism style, but also a concrete manifestation is a combination the Legalism spirit of realism and imperial will to power. The bronze is made by the king of Shang to worship his mother.
Qin bamboo slips unearthed from 1975 Yunmeng Shuihudi 2002 Xiangxi ancient city underground excavation of the Qin bamboo slips to see the laws and decrees of the Qin Dynasty is substantially complete, cover the various fields of national, social and family to achieve a very fine details prepared by the extent. Very strict, such as the examination system of the Qin works, handmade products, mining and smelting, to engage in "implicated" in the reward system, to the competent officials, down to the labor of such a group, since good and bad fortune to the community, we must the same boat, so team strong sense of the Qin people. In theory, these two explanations of the bronze are both feasible. Qin Shi Huang more adhere to the Ming, testimonies, and the law of Order, the establishment of a centralized rule of "the world is a matter of small-large, all depends on the" despotism, in his will to power.
Things die such as "thinking of the things students under the guidance of his tomb" mercury rivers, rivers, sea, machine inculcated, on with astronomy, the next geography, the mermaid cream for the candle. Degree immortal for a long time the '<' Historical Records? Qin Shi Huang in this century ", Yuelu Publishing House, 1983 edition). So specific realism to students to move the real world, such a fine closely the legal system of the network, Terracotta Warriors and Horses rigorous careful of the high degree of realism style of the emergence of nature is not accidental, the Western Han Dynasty the Huo tomb sculpture are also striking. this tomb-shaped stone at the tomb the historical merits of organic combine to highlight the symbolic significance of the unique idea to make it become the Han Dynasty, the ancient large a model of the monument carved works. This time, the action of changing Si to Hou is actually a denial of the past understanding of the chinese bronze.

The historical background of the emperor Ming Mausoleum chinese bronze

The past and in such a vigorous era, its art was rough and rustic filled with vitality. Han Dynasty sculptors, craftsmen, in case of the creative experience and the technique is still Ya clumsy, to create such a strong momentum, and modeling simple works of art, even in today's perspective is also very creative, has a very high reference value for the development of today's art. The etiquette system, that is “hidden the etiquette in the bronze”. today China's sculptures show "Meteorology" state, a lot of work blindly to the pursuit of novelty while ignoring the traditional excavation, which lack the enduring vitality. reason why the works of thousands of years ago, but also gives such a shock, indicating their a lot of art and artistic value will not disappear with the loss of time.
 In this paper, Shijiazhuang Pilu Temple of Han Dynasty Stone Wengzhong a narrative of the comb, due to lack of information, depth of research is not enough for me personally, has benefited a lot, left to our imagination like the sculptures of the Han Dynasty, this article there are a lot of space need to be to explore and study, I hope in a future of continuous learning to be more into the Han Dynasty art. On the bronze art of the Ming imperial tombs tomb. Some of the bronze is recorded in the historical literature. The imperial tombs of the Ming Dynasty bronze is an important historical and cultural relics of Chinese traditional sculpture art, historical and cultural and artistic value to explain the worldview of China's feudal society, power has a strong research value, the current urban development and cultural preservation.
The mausoleum bronze sculpture section of the mausoleum building. Mausoleum building is divided into two parts of the surface and underground. With the ground buildings are furnished a variety of bronze and stone ground tomb sculpture, in general, it is most common, and large-scale, outstanding achievements. Underground sculpture, stone, brick relief on the underground tomb wall and stone reliefs, brick. Two. There was also the record that “Yu Cast Nine bronze” to signify the nine states of China at that time and also a mark of royalty. Causes mausoleum bronze already in the late Paleolithic burials. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the ruling class, the prevalence of the burial, before the mausoleum of the emperor and the nobility, are generally required to set up stone pillars, stone man, stone and other animals, to show their status and dignity.
These bigwigs make the best craftsmen use the best materials for their production before the burial of figurines and tomb sculpture, they are often embodies the highest artistic level, but also has the obvious characteristics of the times. The theme of the themes and characteristics of the tomb of the mausoleum bronze bronze into the instrument Wei and commemorative categories. Miriam Wei theme is determined by a certain etiquette, a Chinese table, animal, pommel horse, Liger, Wen Wu Shichen stele and so on. Commemorative theme, is set up to commemorate the deceased special achievements. These data makes clear to us the high position on bronze in the past society. The mausoleum bronze subject to certain programs, and follow the aesthetic standards of the ruler shape.
 This program specifications and art direction implicit the rulers praying boat country permanently secured psychological. Characterized by, first, subject to the tomb of the overall design thinking, symbolic and moral; shape tends to be deified and idealized. Second, the tomb of the Ming Dynasty bronze art style. It can be put that the collection of the bronze emerged accompanying with the formation of bronze sculptures.  The historical background of the emperor Ming Mausoleum chinese bronze will drive the remnant forces of Yuan Dynasty to the north, Tang and Song dynasties the old system restore in a variety of judgments, on the one hand, to arouse the national pride of the majority of the Han people, but also conducive to the stability of their own rule. Mausoleum System should imitate the effect of ancient Han Chinese.

The development and evolution of the chinese bronze layout

Desheng On the the Qingtian Bronze modeling materials and ideas - Art Grand 2006 "(2) modeling material sculpture workers to expand the wings of artistic thinking in order to express emotion, always focussed on the emotion of the material carriers of ancient and modern sculptures , have their own unique beauty. this unique, necessarily contains the originality of the molding material of the essence of heaven and earth together, adopted the sun and the moon shining stone, just sculptor wonderful shape vector is the so-called stone had not intended to rally in person. Stone can be divided into the rocks, beautiful stone. All the crude craftsmanship and humble funerary bronze presented degrading and decaying images. dissertation Douzhi Jiang Tang Ling bronze archaeological research 2007 Tang Dynasty Mausoleum of bronze art, Chinese tomb sculpture brilliant achievements heyday bright pearl of Chinese ancient bronze art history of the development.
With its majestic and heroic era of courage and perfect the art of style, to show us the heyday of the unique art style of the feudal society. In the middle of Warring States Period, in spite of a rather flourishing picture of the ritual bronze at a time, they were substituted by daily bronze.  At this stage, as the main content of the Mausoleum burial system, bronze content, the number of layout combinations are fixed down, the Mausoleum of the bronzes system perfected, thus becoming an important part of the Mausoleum archaeological survey. As an important carrier of culture, Bronze Mausoleum both a carrier of culture, but also the aesthetic carrier. It is closely linked with the changing times. Especially as an important part of the imperial tombs, the Mausoleum stone age more closely. At present, academic research on Tang Ling Bronze, mainly in three aspects: First, the simple tomb of archaeological investigation.
 The second is related to the Mausoleum of bronze in the history of the Mausoleum System as well as archaeological; Third, from the art history aspect The bronze conduct specialized analysis such as plastic arts, and aesthetic orientation. Yet, they rarely found tombs with bronze more than three.  Scholars, due to the different research purposes, and the different approach taken, although research has made great achievements, but also has to some extent on the bronze one-sidedness and inadequacy. At present, the archaeological types, historical analysis, and reduction of the art of analysis and other methods to the study of Tang Ling Bronze and social development efforts to the concern of the relationship between academia clearly not enough, yet the scholars to conduct in-depth discussion.
 Therefore, based on this, the use of the archeology of archeology and art, combining art history research methods, in-depth system of the Tang Dynasty Mausoleum bronze, trying to elaborate bronzes and Tang Ling was the Tang Empire political system, social two-way relationship between the development. Classification, first on the bronze, depending on the shape of the Tang Dynasty Mausoleum of bronze divided into four categories: people, animals, stone, stone pillars. In the late Warring States Period, one bronze or two tripods were often excavated in the tombs of Qin. Typology of focus on the large number of people and animals bronze, and each block of the Mausoleum of bronze layout characteristics were analyzed to explore the development and evolution of the chinese bronze layout.

Fou is a water or wine chinese bronze

Unearthed in the tomb of Fu Hao Yin Ruins nude jade bronze like are sitting, his hands Zhu knee, looked straight ahead and concentrate, like waiting for the master sent the image and dynamic sluggish, dull and lifeless. There are some flat piece of jade carved humanoid accessories for nude woman's face, the image should also be slaves. The jian, which has a simple silhouette, is supported upon a narrow bronze. Zhou Dynasty, bronze, often the image of the naked slaves. Jade is also the image of the naked slaves. These images are feeling depressed, dull, the lack of beauty. Qin and Han dynasties, from the slave society to feudal society, the social legacy of slavery still remains, unearthed in the nude image, such as the Jinning unearthed the hanging copper spear, spear page on both sides of hanging tied his hands tied to an anti- nude portraits, should be also the slave image.
The nude image appears in the Han Dynasty sculptures, figurines or copper commission, whose identity is the low status of manual work or play music artists. Ancient traditions focus on etiquette, dress and a strict caste system is an important part of the ritual. The bronze has two or four ring handles that freely hang from slightly modeled monster masks (taotie). Chen Ping, defected to Liu Bang, Xiang Yu camps en route, in order to survive, was compelled to Hebei Normal University, a master's degree in Fine Arts thesis stripped help boatman punting. Xiao Wang in order to maintain face, refused to bare to accept the the Seized Menli Search] which show that public nudity should be low status. Respectable people are not exposed body j. Bricks of the Han Dynasty unearthed a lot of people who portray the naked body is engaged in heavy labor {such as the bricks of the Han Dynasty Unearthed in Sichuan sowing, harvesting, cooking salt, labor scenes mostly naked, only j under Jian Dubi pants only. Shandong unearthed stone reliefs often river stab the image of the boat and fishing.
Also i naked state workers. Early Western Han Dynasty, Xianyang, Shaanxi Han Emperor Ling slender body painting naked men stand figurines, male figurines unearthed, j foot arm, the body exposed, and the arm, shoulder junction has a hole (Figure 8). Production methods are realistic, Portray the exquisite work caused by different facial expression. These men used to funerary figurines should be warriors or instrument Wei figurines. Luoyang Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed figurines more common in the nude. The bronze consists of either densely patterned decorative designs or representations of hunts and similar activities.  Also simulate rap artist works is the left shoulder and draped. Candidly reveal the right arm and chest and abdomen. The works of the Eastern Han period then the upper body bare. And red feet. Unearthed, such as Chengdu, Sichuan, "Drumming rap commission" (roundworm ring 9J.
 Commission 55 cm. Plunged towel dancing, passionate lovers, and particularly vivid facial expressions, very small in the artistic appeal, Luoyang tomb figurines also see this image. Although these works are lively and vivid shape, but does not show the beauty of the human body, because the performance of these naked-shaped cut is the low social status of the population, so we think piro Temple stone Wengzhong, although its sculptures and the Han Tao The figurines are different, the identity of its performance figures should also be people living in the bottom of society back to the sculpture, Hebei Normal University, a master's degree in Fine Arts thesis Section 2 (a) adjoin the use of Lu Temple stone Wengzhong the analysis of tomb sculpture Han Dynasty bronzes of the material was people's daily life is closely related to the. Fou is a water or wine chinese bronze.